壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器是內部(bu)(bu)(bu)或外部(bu)(bu)(bu)承受氣(qi)體或液體壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)、并(bing)對安全性有較高(gao)要求(qiu)的(de)密封(feng)容(rong)(rong)器。壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器主(zhu)要為(wei)圓柱(zhu)形，少數為(wei)球形或其他形狀。圓柱(zhu)形壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器通常由筒(tong)體、封(feng)頭、接(jie)管(guan)、法蘭等零件(jian)(jian)和(he)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)組成，壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器工作壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)越(yue)高(gao)，筒(tong)體的(de)壁就(jiu)應越(yue)厚。
壓(ya)力容器(qi)分類
按壓(ya)力等級(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類：壓(ya)力容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為內(nei)壓(ya)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)與外壓(ya)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。內(nei)壓(ya)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)又可(ke)按設計壓(ya)力（p）大小分(fen)(fen)(fen)為四(si)個(ge)壓(ya)力等級(ji)，具體劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)如下：低壓(ya)(代(dai)號(hao)L)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi);0.1;MPa≤p＜1.6;MPa;中(zhong)壓(ya)(代(dai)號(hao)M)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi);1.6 MPa≤p＜10.0;MPa; 高(gao)壓(ya)(代(dai)號(hao)H)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi);10;MPa≤p＜100;MPa;
超高壓(代號U)容(rong)器;p≥100MPa。
按(an)容(rong)器(qi)在生產(chan)中的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用分類：反(fan)應(ying)壓力(li)容(rong)器(qi)(代號(hao)(hao)R):用于完成介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)物(wu)理、化(hua)學反(fan)應(ying)。換熱壓力(li)容(rong)器(qi)(代號(hao)(hao)E):用于完成介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)熱量(liang)交換。分離(li)壓力(li)容(rong)器(qi)（代號(hao)(hao)S):用于完成介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)流體壓力(li)平衡緩沖和氣體凈化(hua)分離(li)。儲(chu)(chu)存壓力(li)容(rong)器(qi)（代號(hao)(hao)C，其中球罐代號(hao)(hao)B）：用于儲(chu)(chu)存、盛裝氣體、液體、液化(hua)氣體等(deng)介(jie)質(zhi)。在一種壓力(li)容(rong)器(qi)中，如同時具備(bei)兩個以上的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用原理時，應(ying)按(an)工(gong)(gong)藝過程中的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用來劃(hua)分品(pin)種。
按安裝方(fang)(fang)式(shi)分類：固定(ding)式(shi)壓(ya)力(li)容器：有固定(ding)安裝和使(shi)用(yong)地(di)點，工藝條(tiao)件和操作人員也較固定(ding)的(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)容器。移動式(shi)壓(ya)力(li)容器：使(shi)用(yong)時不僅承受(shou)內壓(ya)或(huo)外(wai)壓(ya)載荷，搬運(yun)過程中還會受(shou)到由于內部(bu)介(jie)質晃動引起的(de)(de)沖擊(ji)力(li)，以(yi)及運(yun)輸(shu)過程帶(dai)來的(de)(de)外(wai)部(bu)撞擊(ji)和振動載荷，因而在結構、使(shi)用(yong)和安全(quan)方(fang)(fang)面均有其特殊(shu)的(de)(de)要求。
上(shang)面所述的(de)幾種分類(lei)方法僅(jin)僅(jin)考慮了壓(ya)力容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)某個設計(ji)參(can)數或使用(yong)狀況，還不(bu)能綜合(he)反(fan)映(ying)壓(ya)力容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)程度。壓(ya)力容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)程度還與介質危(wei)(wei)險(xian)性及其設計(ji)壓(ya)力p和全容(rong)積V的(de)乘(cheng)積有關(guan)，pV值愈(yu)大，則容(rong)器(qi)(qi)破裂(lie)時爆炸能量愈(yu)大，危(wei)(wei)害性也愈(yu)大，對容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)設計(ji)、制造、檢驗、使用(yong)和管理的(de)要求愈(yu)高。
按安(an)全(quan)技術(shu)管(guan)理分類(lei):《壓(ya)力(li)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)安(an)全(quan)技術(shu)監察規程(cheng)》采用既考慮容(rong)器(qi)(qi)壓(ya)力(li)與容(rong)積乘積大小，又考慮介(jie)質(zhi)危險性以(yi)及容(rong)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)生產過程(cheng)中的作用的綜(zong)合分類(lei)方法，以(yi)有(you)利于(yu)安(an)全(quan)技術(shu)監督和管(guan)理。該方法將壓(ya)力(li)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)分為三類(lei)：
1.第三(san)(san)類壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，具有下(xia)列(lie)情況之一的(de)(de)，為(wei)第三(san)(san)類壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)：高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（僅限毒性程度(du)(du)為(wei)極(ji)度(du)(du)和高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)危害介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（僅限易(yi)燃或毒性程度(du)(du)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)度(du)(du)危害介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)，且pV乘(cheng)積(ji)(ji)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)等(deng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)10MPa·m3）；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)反(fan)應容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（僅限易(yi)燃或毒性程度(du)(du)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)度(du)(du)危害介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)，且pV乘(cheng)積(ji)(ji)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)等(deng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.5Pa·m3）；低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（僅限毒性程度(du)(du)為(wei)極(ji)度(du)(du)和高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)危害介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)，且乘(cheng)積(ji)(ji)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)等(deng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.2MPa·m3）；高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管殼式(shi)余熱鍋爐(lu)；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)搪玻璃(li)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；使用強(qiang)度(du)(du)級別(bie)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)（指相應標準中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)抗拉強(qiang)度(du)(du)規定值(zhi)下(xia)限大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)等(deng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)540MPa）的(de)(de)材料制造(zao)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；移動式(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，包括鐵路罐(guan)車（介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)液(ye)化氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)）、罐(guan)式(shi)汽車[液(ye)化氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)運輸（半(ban)掛(gua)）車、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)運輸（半(ban)掛(gua)）車、永久(jiu)氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)運輸（半(ban)掛(gua)）車]和罐(guan)式(shi)集(ji)裝箱（介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)液(ye)化氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)）等(deng)；球形儲(chu)(chu)罐(guan)（容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)等(deng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)50m3）；低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)5m3）。低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)5m3）
2.第二類(lei)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)，具(ju)有下列(lie)情(qing)況之(zhi)一(yi)的，為第二類(lei)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)：中壓(ya)(ya)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)；低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)（僅限毒(du)性程(cheng)度(du)為極度(du)和高度(du)危害(hai)介質(zhi)(zhi)）；低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)反應容(rong)器(qi)(qi)和低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)儲存容(rong)器(qi)(qi)（僅限易燃介質(zhi)(zhi)或毒(du)性程(cheng)度(du)為中度(du)危害(hai)介質(zhi)(zhi)）；低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)管殼式余熱鍋爐；低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)搪(tang)玻璃(li)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)。
3.第一(yi)類(lei)壓力容器(qi),除上述(shu)規定(ding)以外(wai)的低壓容器(qi)為(wei)第一(yi)類(lei)壓力容器(qi)。
可(ke)見(jian)，國內(nei)壓(ya)力(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)分類方(fang)法綜合(he)考慮了設(she)計壓(ya)力(li)、幾何容(rong)(rong)(rong)積、材料強度(du)、應用場合(he)和介質危害(hai)程度(du)等(deng)影響因(yin)素。例如：因(yin)盛(sheng)放的介質特性或容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)功能不同，即根(gen)據潛在的危害(hai)性大小，低壓(ya)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)可(ke)被劃分為第(di)一(yi)類或第(di)二類甚至第(di)三類壓(ya)力(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)。
